this article is too generic to make an invetors know what skill he need.

we need how long the growth could be to give a stock its valuation. to know how long it grows, know how long it compete with other companies successfully. to do so, we need to realize competitive advantages a company have.

a strategic perspective which includes competitive dynamics and the trend of customer demand is needed for an investor. the financial numbers partly help investors realize the competitive dynamics. but the view on future demand is also importan. future must be different from the past and this is why our society develop. internal combustion car will disappear and electric cars will appear. so, dont follow and buy the internal combustion car with good financial ratio. buy the electric car companies which will be profitable in the future and which could have bad financial ratio or in the red.

how do we know the electric car companies which could make huge profit while at present is in the red. answer is simple. which companies is most competitive though they could also be in the red. most electric car companies are in the red. but which one will become a business empire and which one disappear. we need to know about competitive advantage. read strategic and competition books.

if doing business is calculating the financial numbers, computers do business faster than we do. computer can not have strategic perspective like us. we win but not computers