Nudges toward voluntary defined-contribution retirement savings have transformed many nonsavers into savers but have left many behind. The author argues that it is time to switch from libertarian-paternalistic nudges to fully paternalistic shoves. He advocates a retirement savings solution centered on a paternalistic second layer of mandatory private defined-contribution savings accounts in a retirement savings pyramid, above the paternalistic first layer of Social Security and below the libertarian third layer of voluntary savings.
