Shareowner Rights across the Markets: Individual Reports for 28 Different Markets is intended to serve as a reference tool that will give investors the information they need to be informed, responsible shareowners. Our research is designed to provide shareowners a clear understanding of their rights and a means to compare those rights with the rights of shareowners in other—in some cases, competing—jurisdictions.

Because we believe no single set of corporate governance standards will suit every market, this manual does not provide a list of best practices. For those who do seek corporate governance codes for a specific market, we have included references to local codes wherever possible.

This manual is an extension of our earlier investor education pieces, such as The Corporate Governance of Listed Companies: A Manual for Investors. We recommend a review of those resources for investment professionals seeking further information about the corporate governance and shareowner rights standards governing the companies in which they invest. In general, CFA Institute uses the term “shareowner” in this manual rather than the term “shareholder.” We do so deliberately because share holding connotes a limited or passive engagement, comparable to the role of a custodian, whereas share owning connotes more active participation in exercising one’s rights, and active participation is the framework in which we present the information in this manual. In ownership, those invested in the shares must understand the rights afforded to them in order to understand the assets they own and to maximize the value of those assets.